A federal judge in San Francisco has granted Anthropic’s request for a preliminary injunction in its lawsuit against the US President Donald Trump’s administration.
The dispute traces back to a $200 million contract Anthropic signed with the US Department of Defense in July 2025, making its Claude model the first AI approved for use on classified government networks.
The contract included two conditions: the technology could not be used for mass surveillance of American citizens, and it could not power fully autonomous weapons systems operating without human oversight.
When the Pentagon sought to renegotiate those terms, Anthropic refused to budge.
The administration’s response was swift. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth declared Anthropic a “supply chain risk”, requiring defence contractors, including Amazon, Microsoft, and Palantir, to certify that they do not use Claude in their military work.
Trump followed with a Truth Social post ordering federal agencies to immediately stop using Anthropic’s technology. Anthropic filed a lawsuit on March 9, calling the administration’s actions “unprecedented and unlawful” and arguing the designation violated its First Amendment and due-process rights.
At a hearing on March 24, US District Judge Rita Lin described the Pentagon’s move as “troubling”, suggesting it “looks like an attempt” to cripple Anthropic following the public clash.
“Punishing Anthropic for bringing public scrutiny to the government’s contracting position is classic illegal First Amendment retaliation,” Lin wrote in the order.
Two days later, her ruling stated, “Nothing in the governing statute supports the Orwellian notion that an American company may be branded a potential adversary and saboteur of the U.S. for expressing disagreement with the government.”
Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei had called the DoD’s actions “retaliatory and punitive”.
In a statement following the ruling, the company said it was “grateful to the court for moving swiftly” and that its focus remains on working productively with the government to ensure all Americans benefit from safe, reliable AI.
Researchers from OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft, as well as legal groups, filed briefs in support of Anthropic, framing the case as one of broad importance to the AI industry.
Judge Lin’s ruling pauses the government’s ban until the court decides the merits of the underlying case, though a final verdict could still be months away.
The Justice Department retains the option to seek emergency relief from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit before the injunction formally takes effect.
The case has set a landmark precedent: that AI companies asserting safety guardrails over their own models may have constitutionally protected grounds to resist government coercion, a question the entire industry will be watching closely as it goes to a final verdict.
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